LA CIVILTA' di PANTALICA NORD tratto da: D.Tanasi del centro Archeologia Cretese Università Catania Secondo la periodizzazione autorevolmente proposta da Luigi Bernabò Brea, la facies più antica (XIII - XII sec. A.c.) sarebbe quella offertaci dalla grandiosa e scenografica necropoli Nord (1500 tombe), dalla necropoli Nord-Ovest e da un nucleo della necropoli Sud. In questa prima facies della civiltà di Pantalica particolarmente profonda è l'influenza del mondo Egeo, con cui il nuovo stato montano degli Iblei ha ripreso - sia pure nella diversa forma imposta dalla durezza dei tempi - i contatti commerciali che avevano animato l'età precedente e si erano dappoi bruscamente interrotti con l'avvento degli invasori italici. Alla penetrazione culturale micenea si deve probabilmente, fra l'altro, una più ampia diffusione del bronzo, che in Sicilia entra comunemente nell'uso domestico appunto a partire da questa età.
Pantalica
- panorama Questo periodo è caratterizzato da una ceramica
tecnologicamente assai progredita, a superficie monocroma rossa lucida, con
decorazione fatta da fasce di solchi sottili ravvicinati verticali. Le forme di essa, col
frequente ricorrere di altissimi steli tubolari, ma anche con la tendenza verso colli alti
e sottili, rappresentano l`evoluzione dei tipi che già caratterizzavano lo stile di
Thapsos. Altre forme sono evidenti imitazioni di prototipi micenei, soprattutto del
Miceneo III C.
I tipi di fibule caratteristici di questa età sono
quelli ad arco di violino e ad arco semplice con noduli agli estremi. Intanto nel corso dei due secoli
corrispondenti al periodo di Pantalica si sviluppano intorno a questa piccola capitale
alcuni minori centri satelliti, che gravitano senza dubbio su di essa. Uno di questi è
Rivettazzo in territorio di Solarino. Un altro è situato su un piccolo sperone roccioso
che si protende sul fondo del vallone di S. Giovanni in Territorio di
Il palazzo del principe The aim of this paper is to globally revalue the elements of Mycenaean origins which are present, at different levels, in the native cultural production of the North Pantalica facies. The detailed definition of the influences, and the comparison on a diachronic level with the previous evidence in the Thapsos culture, would allow us to focus our attention on the nature and the dynamics implied in the Mycenaean presence in South-Eastern Sicily at the end of the Bronze Age. For the pottery production, four different new forms of Mycenaean origin are identified: the belly handled amphora (FS 58), the askos (FS 195), the patera (FS 208) and the side spouted jar (FS 155); and one form of Thapsian origin, the cylindered pyxis (FS 11a); furthermore, the problem of jug 133 North, which is considered to be the unique example of a locally made Sicanian-Mycenaean pottery of this period, has also been discussed. For the metallurgic production in Pantalica, the swords of the A and B Sandars type, of Thapsian origin, are absent, while they are widely found in the other coeval centres of North Pantalica culture; but there are advanced metallurgic war items of Mycenaean origin, such as the goose-head handle sword and the dagger of F Sandars type, which show a continuous relation with the Aegean metallurgic centres also for this period. A sort of continuity is also testified by the presence of other prestigious objects, such as the big bronze mirrors and the violin-arched and simple-arched fibulae. The increase of gold objects in the burials, and the presence of gold figured rings, confirm the intensity and variety of the relationships. As far as the domestic architecture is concerned, there is the encounter of the influences of Thapsian origin with others whose introduction produces the anaktoron, for instance, in which, for the first time, a project culture of Aegean kind is applied by Mycenaean workshops. Funerary architecture is different, as the meaningful lack of the tholoid tomb of Thapsian origin corresponds to the introduction of two new tomb types of Mycenaean derivation: the big chamber tomb (camerone) and the pluricellular chamber tomb, whose models in the Aegean are present only after the period of the flourishing of the tholos. The in-depth study allows us to focus our attention, within the facies of North Pantalica, on the elements of Mycenaean origin in two periods, LH IIIB2 (the beginning of the facies) and LH IIIC (the middle-final period). In this way it would be possible to distinguish three different moments of Mycenaeanization in South-Eastern Sicily between the Middle and Late Bronze age: the first moment would concern Thapsos between LH IIIA1 and LH IIIB1; the second and third would reach Pantalica, without the mediation of Thapsos, respectively in LH IIIB2 and LH IIIC. The penetration of the Mycenaean influences in the mountain hinterland in Pantalica would have occurred through a port on the coast, which had, during the facies in North Pantalica, the role that the Thapsos emporium had before; we must take into consideration, however, that in this period the commerce and the Mycenaean contacts were lessened. Pantalica - le tombe ricavate dentro una delle grotte
The identification of a possible Syracusan landing place, in the modern Syracuse port and in the mouth of the Anapo seems to be probable, so that travelling up the river it would have been possible to reach Mount Lauro and, consequently, Pantalica; and we might also suppose that this port was already in use as a simple port of call in the facies of Thapsos, and that it later became a gatherer of the Mycenaean inputs, especially if we consider the traces of a presence in Ortygia in exactly the facies of North Pantalica. Finally, it is possible to infer that in the facies of North Pantalica, the supposed drastic change in Mycenaean influences did not happen at all, and the centre of Pantalica had taken after the Thapsos period, as already supposed by Bernabò Brea, the role of partner of the latest Mycenaean peoples who attended Sicily at the end of the Bronze Age.
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